Monday, May 18, 2020
Marketing Plan Of A New Product - 1137 Words
a) We didnââ¬â¢t have enough resource (b) For resource constraints we depended on secondary data. (1.5) Methodology: Only secondary data is used in this report. Secondary data are collected from the websites books. 2.0Historical Background Itââ¬â¢s not too far, about one month ago we six friends were gossiping in our university. We were talking about our new term paper of marketing course. We were discussing what our topic should be. All of us gave so many ideas about our term paper objective, ââ¬Å"Marketing Plan of a New Productâ⬠. Suddenly one of us invent the idea to production of ââ¬Å"Date Palm Juiceâ⬠in a new format which no one ever seen. All of us support the idea and itââ¬â¢s really nice. After that day we started our research on this project from 22 February, 2012. We got our honorable faculty as our advisor and also as our mentor. This business was also tried by a local organization at Magura Upazilla. But they cannot continue as a budget shortage. But after finishing this research, we have found that, we have huge opportunities to success. Then we have started our research more deeply along 1.5 months. After that, we found that in future we can gain the success with the help of our strong marketing plan 3.0Current Market Situation Situational Analysis Current Situation - Macro environment Economic Analysis: Economic factor can affect the consumption of juice. When there is economic crisis allover the world people buy their basic need products such as food, cloths etc.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For A New Product776 Words à |à 4 Pages Marketing Plan for a new product Background In 1990, Mr. John and his family in the city of San Francisco had established SH confectionary which has grown to be a big franchisor with 10 stores in the State of California. SH confectioners are interested in adding new products to their product line to expand their business. In order to do so, Mr. John had came up with an idea of selling liquor flavoured chocolates named Grand Marnier in his storeRead MoreMarketing Plan For A New Product2084 Words à |à 9 Pageslike a good start. Presenting a new product to the market is not just described as selling and promoting. Certainly, launching a new product needs more than just that, in orders to be highly demanded by customers. Another things also contribute to making a great product: dedicated employees, good strategy, decent information systems, excellent implementation, in special when it comes to introduce a new product to a highly developed market. That is where marketing should be used, as nowadays, successfulRead MoreMarketing Plan For A New Product1357 Words à |à 6 PagesWhenever introducing a new product to a current market, an organization will need to prepare for challenges they may face. For this reason, Kohler will need to be smart with our promotional and advertising objectives when introduci ng Hygieia to the commercial and residential markets. Our objectives will focus on building awareness, creating interest, providing information, stimulating demand, and reinforcing the brand. Working with our big box retailers, we will need to work closely with channelRead MoreMARKETING PLAN FOR NEW PRODUCT4262 Words à |à 18 Pagesï » ¿ASSIGNMENT ON MARKETING PLAN FOR NEW PRODUCT SUBMITTED TO: Bankim Chandra Sarker Lecturer Marketing Department, BUBT SUBMITTED BY: Rajeeb Kumar Saha ID# 13142201070 (30th) S.M Rafiqual Islam Rahat ID# 11121201529 (23rd) Mohammad Rasel ID# 12132201078(27th) MBA PROGRAM, BUBT BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY Plot#77-78 # 9 Rupnagar Mrpur-2, Dhaka-1216 SUBMISSION DATE: 07-01-2015 January 07, 2015 The LecturerRead MoreNew Product Marketing Plan4260 Words à |à 18 PagesSYNERGY 3-in-1 Laundry System Marketing Plan Laundry is no longer a chore with DIVA! Synergy TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ Pg 3 SITUATION ANALYSIS â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...Pg 3 2.1 3.0 4.0 Target Market â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Pg 4 NEW PRODUCT INTRODUCTION â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Pg 5 SWOT ANALYSIS â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦......Pg 6 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Strengths â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. Pg 6 Weaknesses â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. Pg 7 Opportunities â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Read MoreNew Product Marketing Plan7111 Words à |à 29 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ APPROVAL LETTER â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. THE CHALLENGE â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ â⬠¢ Product concept and description â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ â⬠¢ Characteristics â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. â⬠¢ Strategies to be implementedâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦................................ â⬠¢ Companyââ¬â¢s strategic goals â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...... SITUATIONAL ANALYSISâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. â⬠¢ CompanyRead MoreAn Effective Marketing Plan For A New Product1037 Words à |à 5 PagesAn effective marketing plan is one of the most important steps in introducing a new product or service. It is an essential tool in preparing executives, employees, and partners of the company in understanding the strategy to entering the market place with success. Having a solid marketing plan will not only ensure that the company is sticking to the schedule, but that the marketing resources are being disbursed wisely and appropriately (U.S. Small Business Administration). Some of the main objectivesRead MoreNew Product Launch Marketing Plan922 Words à |à 4 PagesNew Product Launch Marketing Plan Joanka Lewis MKT/571 July 1, 2014 Larry Moore New Product Launch Marketing Plan Organic Baby Products are a new product that would allow your baby to be health and safe at the same time. The products are made with only natural ingredients which allow the consumer to feel comfortable about using and purchasing the products. The market segmentation will show how this product is marketed to a targeted buyer PLC StrategyRead MoreMarketing Plan for New Product Launch2326 Words à |à 10 Pages{draw:frame} SUPERIOR UNIVERSITY LAHORE Project Name: Marketing Plan for new product launch Presented To: Sir Kashif* *Mahmood Group Name : The Stallionz Leader Name Id: Imran Shoukat MBP Members Name Id: Muhammad Arslan Dilawar MBP Abuzer Shabbir MBP Hassan Raza Muhammad Kashif Munir Company N*ame:* The Glimmers Limited. Company Logo: {draw:frame} Product Name: {draw:frame} * * * *Contents of Marketing Plan Part 1: Executive Summary Part 2: PurposeRead MoreMarketing Plan For Developing New Products1690 Words à |à 7 Pages Product Development Name Institution of Affiliation Describing the Product The new product is the adjustable umbrella. This is the newest product for the Sky-Joy Company. The product comes with many features that are good for the different customers thus making it the best product ever in the market. The product is easily adjustable to fit in a small bag thus making it easily portable to carry. Its portability makes it the best to travel with and maybe use it anytime depending
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Study Guide to Renaissance Humanism - 2965 Words
Study Guide Renaissance Humanism was a threat to the Church because it D. emphasized a return to the original sources of Christianity (D) Renaissance Humanism was a threat to the Church because it (D) emphasized a return to the original sources of Christianityââ¬âthe Bible and the writings of the Fathers of the Church. In that light, humanists tended to ignore or denounce the proceedings of Church councils and pontiffs during the middle Ages. While many Renaissance humanists denounced scholasticism, there was no inherent opposition to it, and many retained support of the late Medieval philosophy. Renaissance Humanism did not espouse atheism, nor did it advance an amoral philosophy; it tended to advance a neo-Platonism through the writings ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦the Papacy feared the remnants of the Conciliar Movement (A) The response of the Catholic Church to the Reformation was delayed because the Papacy feared remnants of the Conciliar Movement, which had been evident at the Cou ncils of Constance, Basel, and Florence. This movement, based in Roman Catholic tradition, asserted that authority within the Church resided in the assembly of bishops; it challenged Petrine Supremacy and the authority of the Papacy. Rome (B) had little interest in coordinating its policy with secular leaders, although the early support of Charles V and Henry VIII was well received. By the 1530s, most intelligent Church leaders did not (C) think that Protestantism would self-destruct or that (D) the situation was not serious. The monetary situation of the Church (E) was not relevant to its taking a position against Protestantism. The Catholic Counter-Reformation included all of the following EXCEPT E. a willingness to negotiate nondoctrinal issues with reformers E) The Counter-Reformation did not include (E) a willingness to negotiate nondoctrinal issues with reformers; indeed, the Catholic Church considered all confrontational issues to be doctrinal. The Council of Trent (B) was convened in three sessions from 1545 to 1563 and reaffirmed traditional Catholic doctrines; new religious orders (D) such as the Jesuits appeared; the Papacy (C) became more assertive through its issuing of the Index of Prohibited Books in 1558ââ¬â1559.Show MoreRelated The Impact of Education on the Renaissance Essay694 Words à |à 3 Pagesgigantic effect that education had on Renaissance society was greatly stimulated by the new development of humanism. Humanism was responsible for the curiosity of many intellects during the Renaissance, which ultimately led to the discoveries and developments that made the Renaissance such a remarkable time. It proposed a different way of thinking, unprecedented by scholars. Without humanism and the educational interest that it brought about, the Renaissance would not be known as the explosion ofRead MoreHumanism As The Foundation For The Italian Renaissance1272 Words à |à 6 PagesWhat is Humanism? Why is Humanism often considered the foundation for the Italian Renaissance? Why did Humanism take root in Italy? Why did Humanism drastically change the literature being produced in Italy? These are the key questions to consider when attempting to understand why Humanism a spark to a flame for many in fourteenth century Italy. For Humanism not only brought the Renaissance to Italy, but created a whole new form of documentation, which has persevered throughout time. During theRead MoreSir Thomas More s Utopia And Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1454 Words à |à 6 Pagesreflect the ideals of the Renaissance. Their reflections of the Renaissance are similar; however, their representations of the Renaissance also have distinct differences. The Renaissance or ââ¬Å"rebirthâ⬠was a cultural movement that accompanied the passage of Europe from the Middle Ages to modern times. Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian civic humanist, historian, diplomat, philosopher, politician, and writer during the Renaissance. He applied the values of the Renaissance to his political treatise,Read MoreRenaissance Humanism : The Renaissance1209 Words à |à 5 PagesRenaissance Humanism The renaissance is by its definition a rebirth of the classical methods of the ancients (Dictionary.) Through the study of the text and the artwork that defined this period we are able to see the transition from a dark, apocalyptic world, to a reinvigorated and bright new era which was dominated by titan of artistry such as Donatello. Because Italy was so well situated in a land that was formally the Roman Empire, and its economic links to lands of heavy Greek influence RenaissanceRead MoreThe Renaissance Essay1164 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Renaissance which translates roughly as a rebirth and fresh thinking which lasted from the 14th through 17th centuries attempted to reapply the ancient intellectual learning of the Greco-Roman Civilization. The thinkers and artists of this new era differed remarkably from their medieval counterparts. Broadly speaking, Mediaeval period was a period predominantly dominated by Christian outlook. Moreover, All of the Civilizations regarded as ââ¬ËH eirsââ¬â¢ of Rome paid significant tribute to their respectiveRead MoreEssay on How Humanism Transformed Individuals Role631 Words à |à 3 Pagessociety occurred during the Italian Renaissance during the 14th and 15th centuries with the introduction of Humanism. Humanism gave birth to the concept of individuality a notion which is still alive today. It said that humans mattered and that now mattered, that one should not be part of a whole but rather someone that is unique. Before Humanism people only thought of the after life, of whether they were going to heaven or hell, but with the introduction of Humanism people became more involved in theRead MoreFrancis Bacon Essay example1282 Words à |à 6 Pagespolitician entrepreneur and wrote prominent essays on humanism and innovative scientific philosophy. Most notably known as ââ¬Å"the father of the English essay,â⬠(McDougal 455) Baconââ¬â¢s influential works were vastly impacted by the tenets of the Renaissance perio d. Even Thomas Jefferson, one of the founding fathers of our nation, credited being influenced by Baconââ¬â¢s essays (McDougal 455). One of the core ideologies determined by his works is humanism which depicts how logic and knowledge derived from ancientRead MoreImpact Of The Italian Renaissance1387 Words à |à 6 PagesAfter the decline and disappearance of the Roman Empire, the Italian Renaissance was introduced to the European culture. The Italian Renaissance was the revival of the Greek and Roman cultures in forms of art, education, and literature. The Renaissance originally began in Florence, Italy during the time of 14 A.D and eventually began to expand throughout western and northern Europe in 15 A.D. The rebirthing of these ancient cultures brought much awareness and knowledge to the Italian society andRead MoreRenaissance and Political System1193 Words à |à 5 PagesRenaissance and Political Institutions Name: Instructorââ¬â¢s Name: Class: Date: Introduction Renaissance is a French term meaning rebirth or revival. Renaissance period in the history of Europe starts from the beginning of 15th century to the end of 16th century. The Renaissance manifested the transitional phase from the medieval ages to the modern era. It was a time of social and cultural changes in Europe. It is believed to be the beginning of the modern world and hence the new phase of theRead MoreDante And The Road Of Humanism1347 Words à |à 6 PagesDante and the Road to Humanism During the Renaissance, the ideology of humanism became extremely popular. After the black plague people presumed that God had abandoned them. As a result, they began to search for their own answers through observation and experimentation; this method was called empiricism. Through this, man began to place himself at the center of the universe instead of God. Individuals began to embrace their own talents and spend less time worrying about the next life and more
Nature Of The Audit Evidence - Know the Scope
Question: Discuss about the Nature of the Audit Evidence. Answer: Introduction: Audit evidence can be referred as the evidences, which are collected during various stages of an audit program and duly documented in the audit working papers. The nature of the audit evidence uses to vary with different stages of auditing . In the audit planning stage, auditors use to consider those information as the audit evidence, which can be regarded as the most useful and competent audit approach. Audit evidences for the control testing stage are the information, which can confirm the appropriateness of the auditors assertion in context to various accounts of the entity. The procedure for deriving the audit evidence differs according to nature of the accounts. It is not necessary that a uniform planning can be applicable for every type of accounts. Therefore, the auditors have to prepare audit planning, which include various procedures for obtaining the proper audit evidences for different accounts (Pizzini et al. 2014). Audit Procedure for Wages Salaries: In normal terms, wages and salaries are used for same meanings. According to accounting and financial concept, wages are the payment, which are paid on weekly or daily basis in cash to the workers, especially, related to production. The salary is mainly paid to administrative staffs on monthly basis. It has been observed that the companies use to suffer from various types of frauds regarding the payment of wages salaries, even, inspite of having internal control system. Hence, to get the audit evidence for the clarity in the wages salaries account, the auditor may include Computer assisted audit techniques in the audit planning. Computer Assisted Audit Techniques: By using audit software, auditor can check the wages salaries account of the company, re-calculate various elements of wages salary and obtain required information. For example: Auditor can re-calculate the wages and salaries paid to the employees They can check the amount of wages salaries paid in the beginning and ending of the year and compare the difference with the numbers of employees joined and left the firm during the period. Auditor may also check the records and information of selected staffs on HR files and the actual payroll files (Khlif and Samaha 2014). Audit Procedure for Electricity: The amount and impact of the electricity cost use to vary from company to company. In the factories, the electricity consumption use to be very high in comparison to the administrative offices. Therefore, there is a great scope for manipulation on the electricity expenses by various means, especially, when the management does not have effective control over the power consumption. Physical Verification and Comparison: The audit can get sufficient audit evidence about the transparency in the electricity expenses through physical verification and comparison of electricity related records. For Example:- Auditor should check the meters physically, if possible, examine the meter by any electrical experts, not related to the entity. He can compare the electric bills for consecutive periods to get confirmation that the power consumption did not vary much over the periods. He should compare the amount of bills with the register, maintained by factory administration and office administration (Nicolaescu 2013). Audit Procedure for Repairs and Maintenance: Repairs and maintenance expenses can be defined as expenses, which are incurred for maintaining or increasing the productive capacity of the assets. The range of the assets, for which such costs are incurred, is very wide. It can vary from high-end complex machineries to an ordinary chair. Therefore, the probability for altercations in the repairs and maintenance account is quite high, as there is no such basic rate for the repairs maintenance and moreover, as the cost depends on the condition on the asset, the amount of such expenses for the same asset can vary also for different situations (Ettredge et al. 2014). Categorization and Market Study: The auditor should prepare an authenticate audit plan, which can measure the expenses with more realistic approach. The audit plan may incorporate categorization and market study of the expenses to check the appropriateness of the amounts. For example:- Auditor should categorize the various repairs and expenses in several different categories as per the nature of the activity. He can make an brief market study on the rates and costs of such expenses to get an idea about the nature. He may employ some technicians to get an estimate of the repairs and maintenance, included in the financial statements. The auditors should check the bills of the expenses and verify the rates through market study (Ege 2014). Conclusion: By implementing the above mentioned processes, the auditor can collect enough information as the audit evidence to prove the accuracy of the account balances. Introduction: Test of Control in auditing can be referred as the testing procedures for examining the efficiency level of the control system, implemented by the client for avoiding or detecting material misstatements (Asare and Wright 2012). The test of control system is not necessary any more, according to the risk assessment standards. As per the standard, auditors can get required sufficient audit evidences from other risk assessment procedures. But still, the procedure is required by the auditors, when: The auditor plans to rely on the outcomes of the tests to assess the low level of control risk. Other risk assessment procedures are not enough efficient to measure the financial statements. Control risk assessment for the small entities is insufficient due to material weaknesses. Test of control is mostly used as dual-purpose tests, which includes both substantive and compliance tests of financial events Test of Control for Sales Transactions: Generally, if the volume of the transactions are huge, the test of control is performed on some selected samples. The sample size uses to be either 40 or 60 units. For the 40 units, no error or deviation is allowed, whereas, for 60 units one error or deviation is considered as negligible if it does not create any huge impact on the materiality aspect of the firm. The auditor has selected 50 samples and the set the tolerable error at 5%. It is not also explained on what basis the samples are selected. If the samples are selected on the basis of the higher amount, then 5% error can create great impact, whether, the errors have any materiality aspect or not. For example, if in a sales invoice of $20 million, the phone number or the address of the client is not mentioned unintentionally, then it may not create any material impact on the financial position of the company, but it may raise queries by the tax department due to the involvement of higher amount. Moreover, the volume of the sales is also not mentioned. If the total number of sales transactions is 10,000, then the 3 errors out of 50 samples means that the total number of error is 500. In that case, the auditor should not rely on the outcomes of the sample testing, as, out of 500 errors, there may be some errors, which can cause material impact on the financial results of the firm. Moreover, 5% tolerable error is quite high to ignore irrespective of the immateriality aspect of such errors (Francis et al. 2013). Test of Control for Accounts Payable Accounts It can be stated that the auditor has selected the higher level amounts as samples. It has been proved to be quite right decisions, as it has covered almost 50% of the total accounts payable. On the other hand, the balance 50%, which consists of balances less than $100,000, has been ignored. It is a common practice to give more priority to the high volume. Therefore, it has been observed in many cases, the misappropriation of cash uses to be caused by manipulating lesser amounts. If such frauds have been taken place in this company also, then it would remain undetected by such audit procedure. Moreover, as per the AASB standards, any financial transaction should be recognized at the time of agreement. Therefore, if the accounts payable has been recorded but the material is still not received, the transaction should not be considered as an error until the agreement is cancelled by the client (Asare et al. 2012). The auditor has set the materiality level below 4%., which explains that if the total percentage of error rises upto 4%, those errors will not be considered as having material impact on the clients financial statement. The actual audit procedure reveals that the actual percentage of error is 4%, which amounts to $206,702 out of the total accounts payable balance if $51,68,000. The auditor has overlooked the error as it is below the materiality level (Cohen et al. 2014). In reality, though the percentage is negligible, the amount of total error cannot be ignored from any angle. The auditor should investigate further on the errors. She should check for which reason such errors have occurred. If it is not possible to all the errors, then she should pick some of the errors and check the samples very carefully. Being, an auditor, she cannot provide the clearance on the basis of assumptions (Messier et al. 2013). It should be noted, the auditor report is not required by the client only but also by various stakeholders of the company. Many investors use to take investment decisions on the basis of the audited report. It provides the confirmation of appropriateness in the financial statement (Badolato et al. 2014). Therefore, the auditor cannot make such statements by checking some samples and concluding results through assumptions. Moreover, the auditor has not followed the common auditing practice also. She has set the error level at higher rate than the general rate. In that case, the probability of overlooking the material errors has become higher. Therefore, the auditor should implement some other testing methods to reduce the high risk (Bentley et al. 2013). Conclusion As stated in the case of Kingston Cotton Mill Company (1986), an auditor is not bound to be detective and to work with their suspicion, that there is something wrong. He is a watchdog not a blood hound. He is justified in believing tried servant of the company and is entitled to rely upon their representation provides he takes reasonable care. Keeping in mind the statement, the auditor should act as a detective and investigate on every possible clues and then draw any conclusion. The conclusion drawn by the auditor may proved to be correct, but the uncertainty level of the decision is too high. It could be more appropriate if the auditor had set the error level at general stage and investigate the errors further. Reference List: Asare, S.K. and Wright, A., 2012. The Effect of Type of Internal Control Report on Users Confidence in the Accompanying Financial Statement Audit Report*.Contemporary Accounting Research,29(1), pp.152-175 Badolato, P.G., Donelson, D.C. and Ege, M., 2014. Audit committee financial expertise and earnings management: The role of status.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.208-230 Bentley, K.A., Omer, T.C. and Sharp, N.Y., 2013. Business strategy, financial reporting irregularities, and audit effort.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.780-817 Cohen, J.R., Krishnamoorthy, G. and Wright, A., 2014. Enterprise risk management and the financial reporting process: the experiences of audit committee members, CFOs, and external auditors.CFOs, and External Auditors (May 30, 2014) Ege, M.S., 2014. Does internal audit function quality deter management misconduct?.The Accounting Review,90(2), pp.495-527 Ettredge, M., Fuerherm, E.E. and Li, C., 2014. Fee pressure and audit quality.Accounting, Organizations and Society,39(4), pp.247-263 Khlif, H. and Samaha, K., 2014. Internal control quality, egyptian standards on auditing and external audit delays: Evidence from the Egyptian stock exchange.International Journal of Auditing,18(2), pp.139-154 Messier, W., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2013.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education Nicolaescu, E., 2013. Understanding Risk Factors for Weaknesses in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting.Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management,1(3), pp.38-44. Pizzini, M., Lin, S. and Ziegenfuss, D.E., 2014. The impact of internal audit function quality and contribution on audit delay.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(1), pp.25-58
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)